Cliff, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words

The Quenya word for cliff is ollo (cliff, seaward precipice). Also the Quenya word lanca means "sharp edge (not of tools); sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built)"

I didn't find a Sindarin word for cliff, but the word lanc means edge (sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built)).

Cliff, in my words + cliffs

crufe : cliff

The Illunse word for cliff is crufe. Crufe is a rare last name. Crufe can be a bad misspelling of crude.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for cliff rupes (cliff; rock), and the Old English word for cliff clif (cliff, rock, promontory, steep slope).

This is a new word, not a revised word. Tomorrow I'll post Tolkien's words for cliff.

crufan : cliffs

The Illunse word for cliffs (nominative plural) is crufan. Crufan is a rare last name.

Cliffs in Latin is rupis. Cliffs in Old English is cleofu.

Plain, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words

The Quenya word for plain is palar (flat field, 'wang', plain).

The Sindarin words for plain are lad (plain, valley) and talath (flat surface, plane; flat land, plain, (wide) valley).

Plain, in my words + plains

rawan : plain

The Illunse word for plain is rawan. Rawan is an unusual last name. Rawan is an unusual feminine first name of Arabic origin. Rawan cake is a bakery in Jordan. In Indonesian rawan means vulnerable. Rawan is the name of places in Indonesia, Pakistan, India and Japan.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for plain which is arvum (arable land/field, soil, region; dry land; stretch of plain), and the Old English word for plain which is wang (plain, flat field, dry land; place; surface of the ground in a general sense).

A plain is an expanse of land with relatively low relief.

This is a new word, not a revised word. Tomorrow I'll post Tolkien's words for plain.

rawanan : plains

The Illunse word for plains (nominative plural) is rawanan. Rawanan is a rare last name. Similar Rawana is a unusual last name and a rare first name.

Plains in Latin is arvi. Plains in Old English is wangas.

Wilderness, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words

In Quenya ravanda may mean wilderness. One of the meanings of similar word ráva is wild, untamed.

The Sindarin word for wilderness is rhovan.

Rhovanion or Wilderland is a region of northern Middle-earth. It's the region between the Misty Mountains in the west and the River Celduin in the east.

Wilderness, in my words + wildernesses

weren : wilderness

The Illunse word for wilderness is weren. Weren is a last name. In Dutch weren means to keep out, ward off. The Weren are a superhuman race in Paul Kearney’s Sea Beggars series. Weren Ch'efe is a place in Ethiopia.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for wilderness which is eremus (wilderness, wasteland, desert), and the Old English word for wilderness which is wésten (waste, wilderness, desert). I also used these words for creating my word for desert.

Wilderness is an unsettled and uncultivated tract of land left in its natural state.

This is a new word, not a revised word. Tomorrow I'll post Tolkien's words for wilderness.

werenas : wildernesses

The Illunse word for wildernesses (nominative plural) is werenas. Werenas is a rare last name.

Wildernesses in Latin is eremi. Wildernesses in Old English is wéstenu or wéstenas or wéstena (depending on gender).

Desert, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words

The Quenya word for desert is erumë.

The Sindarin word for desert is eru (waste, desert).

Both of these words appear related to the Latin word for desert eremus (waste, desert), which was mentioned in my previous post.

Desert, in my words + deserts

derte : desert

The Illunse word for desert is derte. Derte is a rare last name.

This word is a mixture of the Latin words for desert which are desertum (desert; wildernesses; unfrequented places) and eremus (wilderness, wasteland, desert), and the Old English word for desert which is wésten (waste, wilderness, desert).

This is a new word, not a revised word. I like that this word looks somewhat similar to dirt, and to dearth. Tomorrow I'll post Tolkien's words for desert.

dertan : deserts

The Illunse word for deserts (nominative plural) is dertan. Dertan is a rare last name.

Deserts in Latin is deserti and eremi. Deserts in Old English is wéstenu or wéstenas or wéstena (depending on gender).

Island, in my words (revised) + islands

ineal : island

The Illunse word for island is ineal. Ineal is a rare last name. Ineal is a rare first name.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for island which is insula (island; apartment house), and the Old English word for island which is eáland (water-land, an island).

My previous word for island was aeslun.

Here's a link to Island, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

ineala : islands

The Illunse word for islands (nominative plural) is ineala. Ineala is a rare first name.

Islands in Latin is insulae. Islands in Old English is eáland (same as the singular).

I didn't have a word for islands, the plural, before.

Mountain, in my words + mountains

morg : mountain

The Illunse word for mountain is morg. Morg is a last name. Morg is a masculine first name. Morg is a Marvel Comics fictional supervillain in The Silver Surfer.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for mountain which is mons, and the Old English word for mountain which is beorg (mountain, hill). Another Old English word for mountain (and hill) is munt.

This is the current word for mountain. I'm repeating this word to show that there are some words I'm not changing, and also to use my picture of a mountain.

Here's a link to my earlier post for Mountain, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

morgas : mountains

The Illunse word for mountains (nominative plural) is morgas. Morgas is an uncommon last name. Similar Morgase is the name of the fictional Queen of Andor in The Wheel of Time fantasy book series.

Mountains in Latin is montis. Mountains in Old English is beorgas or muntas.

Guess I didn't post this plural earlier, although it was in my notes.

Grove, in my words + groves

nelm : grove

The Illunse word for grove (wood, small forest) is nelm. Nelm is an uncommon last name. NELM is an acronym for The National English Literary Museum in Grahamstown, South Africa.

This word is a mixture the Latin word nemus (tract of woodland, grove, glade), and the Old English word holt (wood, forest, grove, thicket).

This is the current word for grove. I'm repeating this word to show that there are some words I'm not changing, and also to use my picture of a grove.

A grove is a small group of trees with minimal or no undergrowth. Naturally occurring groves are typically small, perhaps a few acres at most.

Here's a link to Grove, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

nelmas : groves

The Illunse word for groves (nominative plural) is nelmas.

Groves in Latin is nemoris. Groves in Old English is holtas.

This is the current word for groves.

Lake, in my words + lakes

lare : lake

The Illunse word for lake is lare. Lare is a last name. Lare is an obsolete English word for lore, learning. Lare is another obsolete English word for pasture, feed. Similar word lares (singular lar) were ancient Roman protective deities. Lare is the name of cities in Kenya, Ghana, Honduras and Mozambique.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for lake which is lacus (basin/tank/tub; lake/pond; reservoir/cistern/basin), and the Old English word for lake mere (sea, ocean; lake, pond, pool, cistern).

This is the current word for lake. I'm repeating this word to show that there are some words I'm not changing, and also to use my picture of a lake.

Here's a link to Lake, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

lareas : lakes

The Illunse word for lakes is lareas. Lareas is a rare last name.

Lakes is Latin is lacus or laci. Lakes in Old English is mereas.

This is the current word for lakes.

Hill, in my words + hills

holl : hill

The Illunse word for hill is holl. Holl is a last name. In Breton holl means all, totally. In Welsh holl means whole, all. Holl is the name of cities in Germany and Czech Republic. Holl is the name of towns in Iceland.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for hill which is collis and the Old English word for hill which is hyll.

This is the current word for hill. I'm repeating this word to show that there are some words I'm not changing, and also to use my picture of a hill.

Here's a link to Hill, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words

hollas : hills

The Illunse word for hills is hollas. Hollas is a last name.

Hills is Latin is collis (same as singular). Hills in Old English is hyllas.

This is the current word for hills.

River, in my words + rivers

feam : river

The Illunse word for river is feam. Feam can be an English last name.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for river which is flumen (river, stream), and the Old English word for river which is éa (running water, stream, river).

This is the current word for river. I'm repeating this word to show that there are some words I'm not changing, and also to use my picture of a river.

Here's a link to my post for River, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

feama : rivers

The Illunse word for rivers (nominative plural) is feama. Feama is a rare first name.

Rivers in Latin is flumenis. Rivers in Old English is éa.

This is the current word for rivers.

Stream, in my words (revised) + streams

rirn : stream

The Illunse word for stream (or creek) is rirn. In Yiddish (transliterated) rirn means to move.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for stream rivus, and the Old English (and Scottish) word for stream burn (stream, brook).

My previous word for stream or creek was runis.

Here's a link to Creek, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

rirna : streams

The Illunse word for streams (nominative plural) is rirna. Rirna is a rare last name.

Streams in Latin is rivi. Streams in Old English is burna.

Streams is a new word. I didn't have this plural.

Marsh, in my words + marshes

parse : marsh

The Illunse word for marsh is parse. Parse is a last name. In English parse is a successful act of parsing, resolving into its elements. Parse is the name of a place in Turkey.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for marsh palus (swamp, marsh), and the Old English word for marsh mersc (marsh, swamp). These are the same words I used for swamp, my previous word.

Swamp is a type of wetland with flooded areas and often water stagnation. Marsh is an area of low, wet land, often with tall grass. In North America, swamp is used for wetland dominated by trees rather than grasses.

Here's a link to Swamp, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

parseas : marshes

The Illunse word for marshes (nominative plural) is parseas. Similar Parsees (Parsis) are a group of Zoroastrians who immigrated to India in the 10th century.

Marshes in Latin is paludis. Marshes in Old English is merscas.

Marsh is a new word. I decided to make two words for wetlands.

Swamp, in my words (revised) + swamps

saemp : swamp

The Illunse word for swamp is saemp. Saemp is a rare last name. Similar samp is coasely ground corn (maize) used for porridge.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for swamp palus (swamp, marsh), and the Old English word for swamp mersc (marsh, swamp).

My previous word for swamp was sceal. Since I had a M and a P available, I decided to make this look like the word swamp.

Here's a link to Swamp, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

saempas : swamps

The Illunse word for swamps (nominative plural) is saempas. Similar Sampras is an unusual last name, notably American tennis player Pete Sampras.

Swamps in Latin is paludis. Swamps in Old English is merscas.

There wasn't a previous word for swamps.

Forest, in my words (revised) + forests (revised)

selda : forest

The Illunse word for forest is selda. Selda is an unusual feminine first name, notably Turkish singer and guitarist Selda Bağcan. Selda is an unusual last name.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for forest silva (wood, forest, woodland) and the Old English word for forest weald (wood, forest).

My previous word for forest was swald. I'm changing my word to look less like the German word for forest, wald.

Here's a link to Forest, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

seldu : forests

The Illunse word for forests (nominative plural) is seldu. In Icelandic seldu means sold.

Forests in Latin is silvae. Forests in Old English is wealda.

My previous word for forests was swalda.