Rat, in my words (revised) + rats

raut : rat

The Illunse word for rat is raut. Raut is an unusual last name. Raut is a caste of Central India.

This word is a mixture of the Old English word for rat which is ræt (which I transliterate to raet), and the medieval Latin word for rat which is rattus. (In classical Latin, the word mus was applied to both mice and rats).

My previous word for rat was ratu.

Here's a link to Rat, in J.R.R Tolkien's words.

rautas : rats

The Illunse word for rats (nominative plural) is rautas. Rautas is a village and river in northern Sweden.

Rats in Latin is ratti. Rats in Old English is rætas.

Fox, in my words (revised) + foxes

fosp : fox

The Illunse word for fox is fosp. Fosp is a rare last name.

This word is a mixture of the Old English word for fox which is fox (same as Modern English), and the Latin word for fox which is vulpes.

My previous word for fox was fospe. I dropped the final e.

Here's a link to Fox, in J.R.R Tolkien's words.

fospas : foxes

The Illunse word for foxes (nominative plural) is fospas.

Foxes in Latin is vulpis. Foxes in Old English is foxas.

Maple, in my words + maples

maper : maple

The Illunse word for maple is maper. Maper is a unusual last name. Maper is the name of a place in Sudan.

This word is a mixture of the Old English word for maple, mapulder, and the Latin word for maple, acer.

This is a new word.

maperas : maples

The Illunse word for maples (nominative plural) is maperas. Maperas is a very rare last name.

Maples in Latin is acera. Maples in Old English is mapulderas.

Ox, in my words + oxen

ocs : ox

The Illunse word for ox (adult castrated bull) is ocs. Ocs is a rare last name. In the military, OCS is an acronym for Officer Candidates School or Officer Cadet School. Similar Ocs (or Öcs) is the name of a place in Hungary.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for ox (or bovine) which is bos, and the Old English word for ox which is oxa (which I transliterate to ocsa).

ocsan : oxen

The Illunse word for oxen (nominative plural) is ocsan. Ocsan is a unusual last name.

Oxen (or bovines or cattle) in Latin is bovis. Oxen in Old English is oxan.

My Illunse words are very close to Modern English when you consider my transliteration of X to CS. Note that the English plural, oxen, ends in N instead of S, which is a remanant from Old English.

That's enough of the bovine related words. There actually other words I'm not going to do, such as steer (a young ox especially one castrated before sexual maturity and raised for beef) and heifer (a young cow especially one that has not yet given birth to a calf). I might do calf, but not now.

Cattle were a big thing in Anglo-Saxon times. Cattle were personal property. Way back then, counting your cattle was like counting your money.

Bovine, in my words + bovines or cattle

boher : bovine

The Illunse word for bovine is boher. Boher is a last name. Boher is the name of a places in Ireland and Nigeria.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for bovine which is bos, and the Old English word for bovine which is hriðer (which I transliterate to hrither). Another Old English word for bovine is néat.

boheras : bovines or cattle

The Illunse word for bovines or cattle (nominative plural) is boheras. Boheras is a rare last name.

Bovines or cattle in Latin is bovis. Bovines or cattle in Old English is hriðer (same as the singular).

Bull, in my word (revised) + bulls

taer : bull

The Illunse word for bull is taer. Taer is an unusual last name. In the Dungeons and Dragons fantasy role-playing game, the taer is a monstrous, primate-like creature.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for bull which is taurus (like the astrological sign), and the Old English word for bull which is fearr. Another Old English word for bull is bula.

My previous Illunse word for bull was taeru. I liked the word, but I'm changing it because nouns ending in -u are often feminine in Old English. I don't want to deal with grammatical gender in Illunse, but my root languages of Old English and Latin both have masculine, feminine and neuter.

Here's a link to Bull, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words

taeras : bulls

The Illunse word for bulls (nominative plural) is taeras. Taeras is a rare last name that can be Indonesian.

Bulls in Latin is tauri. Bulls in Old English is fearras.

Cow, in my words (revised) + cows

cwa : cow

The Illunse word for cow is cwa. CWA is an acronym for Clean Water Act, Communications Workers of America and many others. Cwa is the name of a place in Namibia.

This word is a mixture of the Old English word for cow which is cú, and the Latin word for cow which is vacca. As Old English doesn't use V, and in the reconstructed ancient pronunciation of Latin V is pronounced like W, I decided to transliterate the V in the Latin word vacca to a W. In Old English CW is a valid consonant combination.

My previous Illunse word for cow was cuwa. I shortened it by one letter.

Here's a link to Cow, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

cwae : cows

The Illunse word for cows (nominative plural) is cwae. CWAE (IATA: WAE) is an airport code code for Whistler, BC, Canada.

Cows in Latin is vaccae. Cows in Old English is cý.

Still more animals in the barn...

Stag, in my words (revised) + stags

herst : stag

The Illunse word for stag (or hart) (male deer) is herst. Herst is a last name. Herst should not be confused with Hearst, such as in William Randolph Hearst and Patty Hearst.

This word is a mixture of the Old English word for stag (or hart) which is heorot (hart, stag), and the Latin word for stag which is cervus (stag/deer).

For most deer, in modern English usage, the male is called a buck. For many larger deer the male can also be called a stag. Hart is a term for a male deer, especially the male of the red deer after its fifth year.

Stag is not defined in Tolkien's languages of Quenya or Sindarin.

My previous Illunse word for stag was herost.

herstas : stags

The Illunse word for stags (nominative plural) is herstas. Herstas is a rare last name.

Stags (and deer) in Latin is cervi. Stags (or Harts) in Old English is heoretas.

I think that's enough with the deer words. In my fantasy the land of Illun, they'll definitely have deer.

Buck, in my words + bucks

burc : buck

The Illunse word for buck (male deer, not a dollar bill) is burc. Burc is a unusual masculine first name that can be Turkish. Burc is an unusual last name. Burc means "town, city" in Anglo-Norman. Similar word burç means "zodiac, horoscope; tower" in Turkish, and Burç is the name of places in Turkey. (note: ç in Turkish is pronounced like ch).

This word is a mixture of the Old English word for buck which is bucca (male deer, he-goat), and the Latin word for buck or stag which is cervus (stag, deer).

Buck is a term for a male deer. Buck, like doe, is the term for the males of other animals, such as goats and rabbits etc.

Buck is not defined in Tolkien's languages of Quenya or Sindarin.

burcas : bucks

The Illunse word for bucks (more than one buck, not money, nominative plural) is burcas. Burcas is an unusual last name. Burcas is a variation of burqas (or burkas) which is is an enveloping outer garment worn by some Islamic women.

Bucks (and deer) in Latin is cervi. Bucks in Old English is buccan.

Doe, in my words (revised) + does

dera : doe

The Illunse word for doe (female deer) is dera. Dera is a last name. Dera is a uncommon first name that can be masculine or feminine. Dera is a woredas, comparable to a district, in Ethiopia. In India a Dera (or Dehra) is a camp or a settlement, especially a religious establishment. Dera is the name, or part of the name, of places in Pakistan.

This word is a mixture of the Old English word for doe which is dá (doe, female deer), and the Latin word for doe which is cerva (doe, hind; deer).

Doe is a female deer. Doe is also the term for the females of other animals, such as gerbils, hamsters, mice, rabbits and squirrels.

Doe is not defined in Tolkien's languages of Quenya or Sindarin.

My previous Illunse word for doe was deca. I decided to change this word to be similar to my word for deer, derv.

derae : does

The Illunse word for does (more than one doe, nominative plural) is derae. Derae (or DeRae) is a rare first name that can be masculine or feminine. Derae (or DeRae) is a rare last name. (Note, in Illunse ae is pronounced like a in cat).

Does in Latin is cervae. Does in Old English is dán.

Deer in my words (revised) + deer (plural)

derv : deer

The Illunse word for deer is derv. Derv is a rare last name. Derv is a rare first name. DERV is a UK term for diesel fuel for cars and lorries (from Diesel Engine Road Vehicle). In Breton derv means oak.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for deer which is cervus, and the Old English word for deer which is déor (wild beast (mostly in contrast to domestic animals); deer, reindeer).

My previous Illunse word for deer was derce.

dervas : deer (plural)

The Illunse word for deer (nominative plural) is dervas. Dervas is an ususual last name.

Deer (plural) in Latin is cervi. Deer (plural) in Old English is déor (plural is the same as the singular, something I've chosen not to do in Illunse).

Here's a link to Deer, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

By the way, I couldn't find a Quenya or a Sindarin word for tiger.

Tiger, in my words + tigers

tigir : tiger

The Illunse word for tiger is tigir. Tigir is a rare last name. In Old High German tigir means tiger. In Old Norse tigir means tens, as in 100 is tíu tigir or ten tens. Tigir is the name of a place in Pakistan.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for tiger which is tigris, and the Old English word for tiger which is tiger (same as modern English).

tigiras : tigers

The Illunse word for tigers (nominative plural) is tigiras. Tigiras is a computer user name.

Tigers in Latin is tigris or tigridis. Tigers in Old English is tigras.

So "lions and tigers and bears!" (oh my!), a memorable line from The Wizard of Oz, in Illunse is "leonas ed tigiras ed bursan".

Lion, in my words + lions

leon : lion

The Illunse word for lion is leon. Leon is a masculine first name. Leon is a last name. León is a city and province of northwestern Spain. Kings of Leon is an American rock band. In Spanish león means lion. In Interlingua and Irish leon means lion. Leon is the name of cities in Mexico, the Philippines, and Nicaragua.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for lion which is leo, and the Old English word for lion which is léo or léona.

leonas : lions

The Illunse word for lions (nominative plural) is leonas. Leonas is an uncommon last name. Leona's restaurants in Chicago area. In Spanish Las Leonas, the nickname of the Argentina women's field hockey team, means The Lionesses.

Lions in Latin is leonis. Lions in Old English is léon or léonan.

Bear, in my words (revised) + bears

bursa : bear

The Illunse word for bear is bursa. Bursa is a last name. In medieval Latin bursa means purse, funds. Bursa is a city in northwestern Turkey.

This word is a mixture of the Latin word for bear which is ursus, and the Old English word for bear which is bera.

My previous Illunse word for bear was bersu.

bursan : bears

The Illunse word for bears (nominative plural) is bursan. Bursan is an uncommon last name. Bursan is the name of a place in Ireland.

Bears in Latin is ursi. Bears in Old English is beran.

Here's a link to Bears, in Tolkien's words.

Spiders, in my words

acreopan : spiders

The Illunse word for spiders (nominative plural) is acreopan. Acreopan is similar to two words in some real estate ads, acre + open.

Spiders in Latin is aranei or araneae. Spiders in Old English is átorcoppan.

Spider in Illunse is acreopa, which is a mix of the Latin word (araneus or aranea) and the Old English word (átorcoppe).

Here's a link to Spider, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

Snakes, in my words

snedra : snakes

The Illunse word for snakes (nominative plural) is snedra. Snedra is a rare term, various computer user names.

Snakes in Latin is serpentis. Snakes in Old English is nǽdran.

Snake in Illunse is snedre, which is a mix of the Latin word (serpens) and Old English word (nǽdre). There are other words for snake in both Latin and Old English.

Here's a link to Snake, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

Sheep (plural), in my words

scovan : sheep (plural)

The Illunse word for sheep (nominative plural) is scovan. Scovan is a rare last name.

Sheep (plural and also singular) in Latin is ovis. Sheep (plural and also singular) in Old English is scéap. Maybe this is why in Modern English you have one sheep and two or more sheep, instead of the plural being sheeps. In Illunse I'd like the singular and plural to be different.

Here's a link to Sheep, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

Goats, in my words

gapran : goats

The Illunse word for goats (nominative plural) is gapran. Gapran is an unusual last name.

She-goats (or nanny-goats) in Latin is caprae. He-goats (or billy-goats) in Latin is capri. She-goats in Old English is gæt. He-goats in Old English is gátbuccan.

My Illunse word for goats is a all-purpose term for more than one goat. If I find the need for separate words for he-goat and she-goat, I'll figure it out.

Goat in Illunse is gapre, which is a mix of the Latin words (capra/caper) and Old English words (gát/gátbucca).

Here's a link to She-goat, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

Pigs, in my words

sircu : pigs

The Illunse word for pigs (nominative plural) is sircu. Sircu is a rare last name. In the Star Wars universe, Sai Sircu was a member of the Nightsisters of Dathomir during the time of the Clone Wars.

Pigs in Latin is porci. Pigs in Old English is swín (same as the singular). Neither of these words contain a u, but I need more flexibility when making plurals. You could say that I'm borrowing a u from the Latin word for pig, porcus. Many of the plurals I've posted lately have ended in -as, but there are other types.

Pig in Illunse is sirc, which is a mix of the Latin word (porcus) and Old English word (swín).

Here's a link to Pig, in J.R.R. Tolkien's words.

Mice, in my words

musas : mice

The Illunse word for mice (nominative plural) is musas. Musas is a rare last name. In Spanish and Portuguese Musas means Muses, the goddesses who inspire the creation of literature and the arts.

Mice in Latin is muris. Mice in Old English is mýs.

Mouse in Illunse is mus, which is a mix of the Latin word (mus) and Old English word (mús). The Latin and Old English words are basically the same.

By the way, I couldn't find a Quenya or a Sindarin word for mouse.